Key terms
A list of key B2COPY terms in alphabetical order
A
Account age
The number of days since a master or investment account was created in the Back Office or Web UI regardless of whether any balance or trading operations have been executed on that account.
Account login
The number assigned to a trading account opened on the MetaTrader 4/5 or cTrader platform, used to log in. Master and investment accounts are created on the B2COPY investment platform with the same numbers as they are assigned on the respective trading platforms.
Administrator
The role assigned to a user with access to the Back Office. Administrators can manage clients and configure B2COPY investment platform settings with full editing rights. Unlike other roles that may have read-only access, administrators have complete management capabilities and unrestricted permissions.
Admin panel
See Back Office. The administrative interface for managing and configuring the investment platform.
Allocation method
The formula applied to a subscription that determines the volume of positions distributed from a master account to a subscribed investment account. For details, refer to Allocation methods for copy-trading and MAM and Allocation methods for PAMM.
Assets Under Management (AUM)
The total amount of investor funds managed by a trader on a master account. Always displayed in USD, it serves as a key indicator of the strategy’s success.
Autocorrection
The PAMM mechanism that automatically adjusts open positions when an investor withdraws funds, partially closing positions proportionally to the withdrawn amount.
Authorization
The sign-in process to the B2COPY investment platform via the Back Office or Web UI using credentials, with optional two-factor authentication (2FA).
B
Back Office
The web interface intended for brokers that want to provide copy-trading, PAMM, and MAM services to their clients using the B2COPY investment platform. In the Back Office, brokers can configure settings of the provided services, manage clients, open master and investment accounts for their clients as well as create and manage subscriptions, monitor trading statistics on client accounts, and customize the Web UI that is intended for the use of their clients.
Badge
The visual indicator of activity or achievement on a master account, displayed in the trader’s profile to showcase accomplishments and attract investor attention.
Balance
The amount of funds on an account, excluding Floating PnL from open positions. It serves as the basis for calculating various performance metrics and parameters used in copy trading, PAMM, and MAM.
Balance operations
Transactions such as deposits, withdrawals, or transfers that affect profitability calculations and other performance indicators for accounts.
By Balance allocation
The allocation method in which position sizes are distributed from a master account to subscribed investment accounts proportionally to each investor’s account balance. This simple and widely used approach doesn't take Floating PnL into account.
By Equity allocation
The allocation method in which the current Equity (Balance + Floating PnL) of subscribed investment accounts is used to calculate position sizes distributed from a master account. This approach is more dynamic but can be less stable during periods of high market volatility.
C
Closed positions
Trading positions that have been closed on an account, with the resulting profit or loss realized and recorded.
Commission
Trading commissions charged by the broker for executing trades. Commissions are taken into account when calculating the net profit of a position.
Consecutive losses
The number of losing positions in a row on an account, indicating the strategy’s resilience and the length of its maximum failure streak.
Consecutive wins
The number of profitable positions in a row on an account, indicating the trading strategy's stability and the duration of a successful streak.
Copy trading (also called Social trading)
The service that enables investors to subscribe to master accounts of experienced traders for automatic copying of positions as they are opened and closed.
Credit operations
Transactions involving the crediting or debiting of funds that don't affect the account balance. Credits affect the account equity and free margin but can't be withdrawn to wallets.
Current Total PnL
The total profit or loss on an account, combining realized profit from closed positions and floating profit from open positions.
Currency conversion
The conversion of currencies when calculating and transferring fees between accounts in different currencies, using MetaTrader rates.
D
Daily risk limit
The maximum loss permitted on a master account within a single trading day. It can be set as a fixed amount or as a percentage of equity.
Default allocation parameters
The default distribution parameters, such as the allocation method or risk ratio, applied to new subscriptions to a master account, set by the trader managing the account.
Deposit
An operation that adds funds to an account. In PAMM, deposits are made only to investment accounts, not directly to master accounts.
Dynamic reallocation
Dynamic redistribution of positions in PAMM when investor composition or balances change, ensuring that each investor maintains a fair share.
Drawdown (DD)
DD measures the decline in the equity of a trading account due to losing trades over a specific period, expressed as a percentage. For details, refer to Drawdown and Maximum drawdown calculation. See also: Maximum drawdown
E
Equity
The amount of funds on an account, including Floating PnL from open positions and broker-accrued amounts. It provides a more accurate indicator of the account’s current state.
Equity threshold
The equity level that, once reached, triggers risk limits and may result in the account being blocked.
Exchange rates
The currency conversion rates applied when calculating fees or transferring amounts between accounts denominated in different currencies.
F
Fee
An amount deducted from a subscribed investment account and paid to the trader managing the master account, according to the subscription fee plan. Fees are distinct from trading commissions.
Fee debt
Accumulated fees that couldn’t be charged from a subscribed investor due to insufficient funds on their investment account. When funds are added, a debt deduction mechanism is triggered to collect the fees in favor of the trader managing the master account.
Fee plan
A payment plan set up for a master account by the account owner. The plan includes fees that are periodically deducted from subscribed investment accounts and paid to the master account owner. The fee plan must be accepted by investors when subscribing to the master account. For a list of fees that can be included in fee plans, refer to the Fee list.
Fixed lot allocation
The allocation method for copy-trading or MAM subscriptions in which all positions are copied to the investment account with a fixed, predefined size, regardless of the master account’s position size or the balance, equity, or free margin of either the master or investment accounts.
Floating PnL
The unrealized profit or loss from open positions, calculated at current market prices.
Freeze time
The period preceding the PAMM rollover, within which no requests are accepted from PAMM investors to be processed during the upcoming rollover. The requests created during freeze time will be processed during the next rollover. See also: Rollover
H
High-water mark (HWM)
The highest profit has ever been achieved on an account. It's used as a threshold to determine if a trader managing a master account is paid the performance fee from subscribed investors. The fee is only paid if the HWM has been exceeded, ensuring that investors don't pay for poor or volatile performance.
I
Introducing Broker (IB)
A trader who attracts new clients to the B2COPY investment platform, and earns rewards based on the trading activity of referred clients. B2COPY supports multi-level IB structures.
IB rewards
Rewards earned by a trader for referring new clients to the B2COPY investment platform, automatically calculated and distributed based on the trading activity of the referred clients.
Investment account
A trading account opened on MetaTrader 4/5 or cTrader and registered on the B2COPY investment platform via the Back Office or Web UI, used to subscribe to master accounts and benefit from following trading strategies of experienced traders.
Investor (also called a Follower or Subscriber)
The owner of an investment account who subscribes to the master accounts of experienced traders to follow their trading strategies.
J
Joining fee
A fixed, one-time charge in USD for subscribing to a master account. It is applied only once at the initial subscription and isn't charged again if the subscription is later reactivated. For details, refer to the description of the Joining fee.
L
Leaderboard
The list of top-performing master accounts showing high profitability, having the most followers and large amounts of assets under management (AUM) on the B2COPY investment platform.
For master traders, being at the top of the Leaderboard highly increases their exposure and, subsequently, their chances to have more followers and earn more fees.
For investors, the Leaderboard is the go-to list to find the best traders to subscribe to and copy positions from their master accounts or invest in them.
License seat
Slots on a MetaTrader server. PAMM investment accounts don't occupy MT5 license seats, as they are created with trading disabled. Similarly, payment accounts don't consume MT5 license seats.
Link open positions
The option that links open positions, enabling synchronization between a master account and its subscribed investment accounts. For details, refer to Link open positions.
Lot
A standard unit used to measure the volume of a trading position. In Forex, a standard lot typically is equal to 100,000 units of the base currency. CFDs don't have fixed standard lot sizes.
M
MAM (Multi-account manager)
The service similar to copy-trading, designed for private money management. It allows money managers of master accounts to control all aspects of position copying to subscribed investment accounts, with individual allocation settings for each subscription.
Management fee
The fee calculated as an annual percentage of an investment account’s balance or equity at the moment of fee payment. The calculation can be based on either balance or equity. Instead of an annual rate, the percentage can be calculated for a selected period. The management fee is charged periodically (daily, weekly, or monthly). For details, refer to the description of the Management fee.
Manual trading
Trading performed directly by an investor on their investment account, running in parallel with copy trading, if permitted by the broker. For details, refer to Personal trading on copy-trading investment accounts.
Master account
A trading account opened on MetaTrader 4/5 or cTrader and registered on the B2COPY investment platform via the Back Office or Web UI. In copy-trading or MAM, positions from this account are copied to subscribed investment accounts. In PAMM, it's the account where the capital manager trades and where investor funds are accumulated.
Master trader (also called a Money manager, Signal provider, or Strategy provider)
The owner of a master account. In PAMM and MAM, a money manager professionally managing investor capital. In copy trading, a signal provider or strategy provider is a trader who provides trading signals through their master account for others to copy.
Maximum daily loss
The maximum loss incurred on an account within a single trading day. It serves as an indicator of the worst trading day in the account’s history.
Maximum daily profit
The maximum daily profit achieved on an account. It serves as an indicator of the best trading day in the account’s history.
Maximum drawdown (Max DD)
Max DD indicates the largest decline in the equity of a trading account from the highest point through the lowest point during the account's lifetime. It's the critical risk indicator. For details, refer to Drawdown and Maximum drawdown calculation. See also: Drawdown
MetaTrader (MT)
The MetaTrader 4/5 trading platforms integrated with the B2COPY investment platform for executing trades.
Minimum deposit
The requirement set by the owner of a master account, specifying the minimum balance (always in USD) that investors must have on their investment accounts to subscribe to the master account. Additionally, the same minimum balance must be maintained on the investment accounts after any withdrawals to keep the subscriptions active.
For minimum deposits to work correctly when master and investment accounts are denominated in different currencies, make sure exchange rates are configured for those currencies. Otherwise, the minimum deposit requirement will be ignored during subscription (for details, refer to How to configure currency exchange rates).
N
Net profit
The profit remaining on an account after all commissions and trading costs have been deducted, used as the basis for calculating the performance fee.
No action on deposit and autocorrection on withdrawal
The PAMM allocation method where deposits by investors don't trigger immediate redistribution of positions, while withdrawals automatically adjust positions through an autocorrection mechanism.
O
Open positions
Trading positions that are currently open, with floating profit or loss, which fluctuate with market movements.
Open time/price
The time and price at which a position is opened. In PAMM, this information can be hidden to protect the manager's trading strategy.
P
PAMM (Percentage allocation money management)
The trading model in which a capital manager operates combined investor funds, and profits or losses are distributed proportionally among the investors.
Performance fee
The fee calculated as a percentage of net profit generated on an investment account from positions copied from a specific master account. The performance fee is charged periodically (daily, weekly, or monthly) and is calculated using the High-Water Mark principle, meaning it is applied only to the net profit increment since the last fee calculation. For details, refer to the description of the Joining fee.
Platform instance
A B2COPY platform instance connected to a specific broker’s trading server.
Position visibility
The setting that controls whether investors can view the details of open positions on a master account.
Previous Total PnL
The total profit or loss recorded at the time of the last successful performance fee payment. It serves as the reference point for calculating the subsequent performance fee.
Profit factor
The ratio of total profit to total loss on an account, used as an indicator of trading efficiency. A value greater than 1 indicates profitability.
Profit fee
The fee calculated as a percentage of the profit generated on an investment account from positions copied from a specific master account. The profit fee is charged periodically (daily, weekly, or monthly) and is calculated using the High-Water Mark principle, meaning it is applied only to the net profit increment since the last fee calculation. For details, refer to the description of the Joining fee.
Promo offer
A discounted fee plan that a master account owner can create to attract potential investors by offering more favorable fees than the default plan. To subscribe under a promo offer, investors must enter the promo code assigned to that plan. Multiple promo offers can be set up for a master account, each with its own unique promo code.
R
Read-only mode
The MAM mode in which investors can't trade independently, meaning that they can't open, modify, or close positions on their investment accounts. Investors can only view positions distributed from master accounts to which they are subscribed.
Reallocation
The PAMM process in which virtual positions on an investment account are closed and immediately reopened at the same price, without incurring commissions or spreads, to adjust an investor’s share during deposits or withdrawals.
Realized PnL
The realized profit or loss from positions that have been closed. It represents the actual, fixed result of trading activity.
Return
The profitability of an account calculated using the time-weighted principle, representing the profit or loss over a specific period, expressed as a percentage. It reflects changes in equity independently of deposits and withdrawals. For details, refer to Return calculation.
Reverse Copy
The option for copy-trading and MAM subscriptions to change the trade side of positions when they are copied from a master account into a subscribed investment account. If enabled, sell positions opened on a master account are copied as buy positions into a subscribed investment account, and buy positions opened on the master account are copied as sell positions.
Risk level
The indicator of an account's risk, calculated on the B2COPY investment platform, calculated based on factors such as volatility, drawdowns, and trading activity.
Risk limit
The threshold used to monitor the actual risk exposure of a specific master account or subscription.
The risk limit can be assigned to a subscription by an investment account owner to indicate the maximum loss amount that the investment account can bear from that individual subscription. For details, refer to Risk limits for investors.
Various types of risk limits can be assigned to a master account to indicate the maximum trading loss that may be incurred on that account. For details, refer to Risk limits for master traders.
Risk ratio (also called Copy ratio, Copy coefficient, or Copy multiplier)
The parameter used in allocation method formulas to determine the volume of a master account’s positions that will be copied to a subscribed investment account.
Rollover
The process in PAMM during which trading results from the master account are updated, profits and losses are distributed among subscribed investors, and deposit or withdrawal requests are executed. The rollover can be triggered manually by the PAMM master account owner or run automatically according to a predefined schedule.
Rollover schedule
The schedule for automatic PAMM rollovers, specifying how often trading results are updated and profits or losses are distributed among investors.
S
Score
The rating assigned to each master account on the B2COPY investment platform, calculated using multiple trading performance metrics such as Return, Maximum Drawdown, Profit Factor, and other indicators. For details, refer to Score calculation.
Seamless authorization
A feature for standalone solutions that enables automatic login to access copy trading, PAMM, or MAM without requiring clients to re-enter their credentials. It supports integration with external CRMs via API, allowing clients to move smoothly between systems without manually entering credentials. For details, refer to API documentation.
Share
The percentage of the total capital in a PAMM strategy that belongs to an investor, determining their proportional participation in profits and losses.
Slippage
The difference between the expected trade execution price and the actual execution price. In PAMM accounts, no slippage occurs during reallocation.
Strategy description
A summary provided by the master account owner that outlines their trading approach, methods, and objectives, helping investors understand the strategy before subscribing.
Subscription (also called a Link)
The agreement linking a master account and an investment account for copy-trading, PAMM, or MAM services. By subscribing, the investment account owner receives the selected service, while the master account owner earns fees from the investor.
Subscription code
A code that a master account owner can assign to their account to prevent investors who don't have the code from viewing the account's trading statistics and subscribing to the account.
Subscription fee
A fixed, periodic fee in USD charged for a subscription to a master account, regardless of trading results. For details, refer to the description of the Subscription fee.
Symbol mapping
The mechanism that ensures trades are correctly copied between accounts using different instrument symbols. Symbol mapping allows configuration to match different naming conventions for the same trading instrument on a master account and its subscribed investment accounts, ensuring compatibility and accurate trade replication. For details, refer to Configure symbol mapping.
T
Time-weighted return (TWR)
The method for calculating account profitability that measures performance over time while excluding the impact of deposits and withdrawals.
Trade fee (also called Volume fee)
A fixed fee in USD charged for each lot copied from a master account. For details, refer to the description of the Trade fee.
Transfer
The transaction that moves funds between accounts or wallets within the B2COPY investment platform.
Two-factor authentication (2FA)
An additional layer of security for accessing the Back Office and Web UI, requiring a second verification step via Google Authenticator or other compatible tools.
U
Unsubscription (also called Termination)
The process of canceling a subscription to a master account, which includes closing all positions previously copied from the master account, paying fees, and unsubscribing the investment account from the master account.
V
Virtual mirroring
The PAMM mechanism in which trades from the master account are virtually distributed to subscribed investment accounts, reflecting the same positions without actual copying.
Volume
The trading volume for a specific instrument, measured in lots or other applicable units.
W
Withdrawal
An operation that debits funds from an account. In PAMM, withdrawals are processed during rollover and may cause position autocorrection. See also: Autocorrection
Web UI
The web interface for end users who intend to use copy-trading, PAMM, and MAM services provided by the broker. In the Web UI, end users can create master and investment accounts, deposit and withdraw funds, create subscriptions, monitor trading statistics of their accounts, and manage their account and subscription settings.
Z
Zero balance subscription
A PAMM subscription started with a zero balance on an investment account, allowing the investor to subscribe to a master account before funding the account and add funds afterward.
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